Imithombo yegolide eqinisekisiwe emhlabeni wonke ingamathani angaba yi-100,000. Amanani egolide akhuphuke cishe ngo-15% ezinyangeni ezintathu ezedlule.

Njengohlobo lwensimbi olunezakhiwo ezimbili zemali kanye nempahla, igolide liyingxenye ebalulekile yezindawo zokugcina imali zakwamanye amazwe zamazwe ahlukahlukene. Kusukela ekuqaleni kukaMashi, intengo yegolide yamazwe ngamazwe ikhuphuke isuka ku-$1,676 i-ounce yaya ku-$1,912.77 ngoJuni 1, ivala ku-$1,904.84. Yehle ngaphansi kuka-$1,900 i-Troy ounce ezinsukwini ezimbili ezedlule, kodwa isalokhu iphakeme. Ezinyangeni ezintathu nje kuphela, intengo yegolide ikhuphuke cishe ngo-15%. Yiziphi izinguquko ezenzekile kulo lonke uchungechunge lwemboni yegolide lapho kubhekene nemakethe ekhulayo?

UZhang Yongtao, iPhini likaSihlalo kanye noNobhala Jikelele we-China Gold Association, uthe ukwenyuka kwamanani egolide kunikeze ithuba lomlando lokuthuthukiswa kwemboni yegolide yasekhaya. Ubhubhane lwasakazeka emhlabeni wonke, futhi izinguquko ezisheshayo esimweni sezepolitiki nezomnotho zomhlaba wonke zithuthukise kakhulu isimo kanye nendima yegolide, zinikeza ukwesekwa okuqinile kokuzinza nokwenyuka kwentengo yegolide yamazwe ngamazwe. Amanani egolide aya phezulu ngokuguquguquka okuqhubekayo, imakethe yegolide iyasebenza. Njengamanje, intengo yegolide yamazwe ngamazwe isalokhu iphezulu, okunikeza ithuba lomlando lokuthuthukiswa kwemboni yegolide.

Idatha ikhombisa ukuthi intuthuko yomhlaba wonke yamabhizinisi egolide ithole lezi zinqolobane zokuthuthukiswa kwezinsiza ezingaba ngamathani ayi-100,000, okuhlanganisa nezinqolobane zolwazi oluyisisekelo ezingaba ngamathani angama-50,000. Phakathi kwamathani ayi-100,000 ezindawo zolwazi lobuchwepheshe ezikhuphukile zesikhathi segolide, okuqukethwe okuyinhloko kusatshalaliswa emazweni angaphezu kweshumi nambili ahlukene, njengeNingizimu Afrika, iShayina, iRussia, i-Australia, i-Indonesia, kanye ne-United States.

Ngokusho kwedatha ekhishwe yi-Ministry of Natural Resources, ngo-2019, izindawo zokugcina igolide eShayina zaziyi-14,131.06 tons, okubalwa cishe amaphesenti ayi-14.13 esamba somhlaba wonke. Kodwa-ke, izinga lokuhlola i-geological lemithombo yamaminerali egolide eShayina liphansi kakhulu, kanti izindawo zokugcina eziyisisekelo zingamathani angu-2,298.36, okwenza kube yindawo yokugcina igolide enkulu yesishiyagalolunye emhlabeni. Kusukela ngo-2016, inani lamaphrojekthi okumba igolide emhlabeni wonke liye landa kancane kancane, futhi laqala ukwehla ngo-2019. Ngo-2020, amaphrojekthi okumba igolide angu-1,990 aqaliswa emhlabeni jikelele, akhuphuke ngo-23% kusuka ku-1,546 ngo-2019.

Njalo ngenyanga, inani lamaphrojekthi okumba igolide emhlabeni wonke ngo-2020 landa kancane kancane ngemva kokwehla ngoMashi, lakhuphuka laya ku-197 ngoDisemba, lakhuphuka ngo-112% kusukela ku-93% kaMashi. Amaphrojekthi okumba igolide agxile e-Australia, eCanada nase-United States. Ngo-2020, i-Australia, iCanada kanye ne-United States zizosebenzisa amaphrojekthi okumba angu-659, 539 kanye no-172 ngokulandelana. Ndawonye, ​​la mazwe amathathu ahlanganisa u-72% wamaphrojekthi okumba igolide emhlabeni. Kusukela ngo-2016 kuya ku-2018, inani lemithombo yegolide esanda kutholakala emhlabeni libonise ukuthambekela kokukhula kancane kancane, lafinyelela kumathani angu-1,682.7 ngo-2018, futhi libonisa ukwehla okukhulu ngo-2019. Ngo-2020, inani lemithombo yegolide esanda kutholakala emhlabeni landa kakhulu, landa ngo-27% uma kuqhathaniswa no-2019, lafinyelela amathani angu-1,090. Inani eliphelele lemithombo yegolide esanda kutholakala ngo-2020 lisesimweni sika-“A”, kanti inani lemithombo yegolide esanda kutholakala ngoJuni nangoJulayi liphansi kakhulu futhi liphezulu ngonyaka, ngokulandelana, lingamathani angu-4.9 namathani angu-410.6.

“Nakuba izimali zokuhlola i-geological yezindawo zegolide zehle kakhulu eminyakeni yamuva nje, izinqolobane zegolide eziqinisekisiwe ziye zanda kancane kancane unyaka nonyaka.” Izinkinga ezinkulu nezinselele iShayina ebhekene nazo ekuthuthukisweni komnotho embonini yezimayini zegolide zibonakala ngezici ezintathu: Okokuqala, ukutshalwa kwezimali ekuphathweni kwezimali zokuhlola igolide kwehle kakhulu, okuholele “enkingeni yokushoda kwezinsizakusebenza zegolide”. Okwesibili, amabhizinisi okukhiqiza nokuphatha igolide kudingeka enze imizamo ehlangene yokuzivumelanisa nesimo esisha esivamile. Isibonelo, izinsalela ze-cyanide zibhalwe ohlwini lweZinsalela Eziyingozi Ezihlobene Nombuso, ezibeka phambili isidingo esiphezulu sokukhiqizwa kwezimayini zegolide. Okwesithathu, ulwazi lwesayensi nobuchwepheshe begolide alukwazi ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zezimboni ezahlukene ekuthuthukisweni kwemakethe. “ukusungula izinto ezintsha kwesayensi nobuchwepheshe, okuhlanganisa ochwepheshe bezemvelo be-cyanide yamahhala nephansi (ezibiza kakhulu, ukusabalala okumpofu), ubunzima bobuchwepheshe bobunjiniyela bokumba insimbi ejulile kube nzima ukubudlula (njengezindleko eziphezulu, ezinzima).