Ekupheleni kuka-2021, i-Indonesia (kamuva ebizwa ngokuthi i-Indonesia) inamathani angu-800000 emithombo ye-tin ore, ebalwa ku-16% womhlaba, kanti isilinganiso sokukhiqiza esigciniwe sesineminyaka engu-15, siphansi kunesilinganiso somhlaba wonke seminyaka engu-17.Imithombo ye-tin ore ekhona e-Indonesia inediphozithi ejulile enezinga eliphansi, futhi ukukhishwa kwe-tin ore kucindezelwe kakhulu.Njengamanje, ukujula kwezimayini zemayini yase-Indonesia kwehlile kusuka kumamitha angama-50 ngaphansi komhlaba kuya kumamitha ayi-100 ~ 150 ngaphansi komhlaba.Ubunzima bezimayini bunyukile, kanti nokukhiqizwa kwemayini yase-Indonesia kuye kwehla unyaka nonyaka, kusukela esiqongweni samathani angu-104500 ngo-2011 kuya kumathani angu-53000 ngo-2020. ukukhiqizwa kwethini emhlabeni wonke kwehle kusuka ku-35% ngo-2011 kuya ku-20% ngo-2020.

Njengomkhiqizi wethayela elicwengisisiwe lesibili ngobukhulu emhlabeni, ukunikezwa kukathayela ocolisisiwe wase-Indonesia kubaluleke kakhulu, kodwa inani eliphelele lethayela elicolisisiwe lase-Indonesia kanye nokunwebeka kwempahla kukhombisa ukwehla.

Okokuqala, inqubomgomo yase-Indonesia yokuthumela insimbi eluhlaza yaqhubeka nokuqina.NgoNovemba 2021, uMongameli wase-Indonesia uJoko Widodo wathi uzomisa ukuthunyelwa kwe-tin ore e-Indonesia ngo-2024. Ngo-2014, uMnyango Wezohwebo wase-Indonesia wakhipha umthethonqubo wezohwebo ongunombolo 44 wokwenqabela ukuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe amathini aluhlaza, okuhloswe ngawo ukunqanda ukulahlekelwa inqwaba yezinsiza zamathini ngamanani aphansi futhi ithuthukise ukungezwa kwemboni yayo yamathini kanye nezwi lentengo lezinsiza zamathini.Ngemva kokuqaliswa komthethonqubo, ukukhiqizwa kwemayini kathayela e-Indonesia kwehlisiwe.Ngo-2020, isilinganiso esifanayo semayini yethayela / okukhipha ithini elicwengisisiwe e-Indonesia singu-0.9 kuphela.Njengoba umthamo wokuncibilikisa wase-Indonesia uphansi kunalowo we-tin ore, namandla okuncibilikisa asekhaya kunzima ukugaya insimbi yokuqala eyathunyelwa kwamanye amazwe esikhathini esifushane, ukukhiqizwa kwe-tin ore e-Indonesia kwehlile ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nesidingo sokuncibilika kwezwe. .Kusukela ngo-2019, isilinganiso esifanayo sokukhishwa kwethayela elicolisisiwe lemayini yethayela yase-Indonesia sibe ngaphansi kuka-1, kuyilapho isilinganiso esifanayo ngo-2020 singu-0.9 kuphela.Ukukhiqizwa kwemayini yethayela yehlulekile ukuhlangabezana nokukhiqizwa kwethayela elicolisisiwe lasekhaya.

Okwesibili, ukwehla jikelele kwebanga lezinsiza e-Indonesia, ebhekene nezinkinga zokuchithwa kwensiza yomhlabathi kanye nokwanda kobunzima bokumbiwa olwandle, ukunqanda ukuphuma kwensimbi.Njengamanje, imayini yethayela engaphansi kwamanzi iyingxenye eyinhloko yokukhishwa kwemayini kathayela e-Indonesia.Ukumba izimayini ezihamba ngaphansi kwamanzi kunzima futhi kuyabiza, futhi ukuphuma kwemayini kathayela nakho kuzothinteka ngezikhathi ezithile zonyaka.

Inkampani yase-Tianma ingumkhiqizi wethayela omkhulu kunawo wonke e-Indonesia, kanti u-90% wendawo egunyazwe ukumba uthayela, kanti ukukhiqizwa kwayo kukathayela ogwini kwenza u-94%.Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yokuphathwa kabi kwenkampani yase-Tianma, amalungelo ayo okumba axhashazwe kakhulu yinani elikhulu labavukuzi abancane abazimele, futhi inkampani yaseTianma saphoqeleka ukuthi iqinise ukulawula kwayo amalungelo okumba eminyakeni yamuva.Njengamanje, ukukhiqizwa kwemayini kathayela yenkampani kuncike kakhulu emayini kathayela ohamba ngaphansi kolwandle, futhi ingxenye yokukhishwa kwemayini yasogwini inyuke isuka ku-54% ngo-2010 yaya ku-94% ngo-2020. Ekupheleni kuka-2020, inkampani yase-Tianma inamathani ayi-16000 kuphela. izinga eliphezulu lemithombo yensimbi yasogwini.

Ukukhishwa kwensimbi ye-tin yenkampani yase-Tianma kukhombisa ukwehla sekukonke.Ngo-2019, umkhiqizo we-tin wenkampani i-Tianma ufinyelele amathani angama-76000, nokukhuphuka konyaka ngo-128%, okuyizinga eliphakeme eminyakeni yamuva nje.Lokhu kudalwe ikakhulukazi ukuqaliswa kwemithetho emisha yokuthekelisa e-Indonesia ngekota yesine ka-2018, okwenze inkampani yase-Tianma yakwazi ukuthola umkhiqizo wabavukuzi abangekho emthethweni ngaphakathi kwenani lelayisensi ngokwezibalo, kodwa amandla enkampani angempela okukhiqiza amathani akwenzile. hhayi ukwanda.Kusukela lapho, umkhiqizo we-tin wenkampani yaseTianma uqhubekile nokwehla.Ezingxenyeni ezintathu zokuqala zika-2021, umkhiqizo we-tin ocolisisiwe wenkampani yase-Tianma wawungamathani ayi-19000, ukwehla konyaka ngonyaka ngama-49%.

Okwesithathu, amabhizinisi amancane azimele ancibilikisa asephenduke amandla amakhulu okunikezwa kukathayela ocolisisiwe

Ngokuzayo, izinsiza zikathayela zase-Indonesia zizogxiliswa ezincibilikisweni ezinkulu

Muva nje, ukuthunyelwa kwe-tin ingot yase-Indonesia kuphinde kwabuya unyaka nonyaka, ikakhulukazi ngenxa yokukhula kokuthunyelwa kwe-tin ingot kwamanye amazwe kusuka kuzincibilikisi ezizimele.Ekupheleni kuka-2020, inani eliphelele lethani elicwengiwe lamabhizinisi azimele ancibilikisa e-Indonesia lalicishe libe ngamathani angu-50000, okubalelwa ku-62% wawo wonke umthamo we-Indonesia.Isici esisodwa esiphawulekayo sokumbiwa kwethayela kanye nokumbiwa kwethayela elicolisisiwe e-Indonesia ukuthi iningi lazo liwukukhiqizwa okuncane okwenziwa amabhizinisi azimele, futhi umphumela uzolungiswa kalula ngokuya ngezinga lentengo.Uma intengo kathini iphezulu, amabhizinisi amancane akhuphula ngokushesha umkhiqizo, futhi lapho intengo yethini yehla, bakhetha ukuvala umthamo wokukhiqiza.Ngakho-ke, ukukhiqizwa kwe-tin ore kanye ne-tin ecolisisiwe e-Indonesia kunokuguquguquka okukhulu kanye nokubikezela okubi.

Ezingxenyeni ezintathu zokuqala zika-2021, i-Indonesia yathumela amathani angu-53000 amathini acwengisisiwe, okukhuphuke ngo-4.8% ngesikhathi esifanayo ngo-2020. Ukukhishwa kwethayela elicwengekile lenkampani yaseTianma.Kodwa-ke, kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi ukunwetshwa kwamandla kanye nevolumu yangempela yokuthekelisa yezincibilikisi ezizimele kuzoqhubeka nokulawulwa ukubuyekezwa okuqinile kokuvikelwa kwemvelo e-Indonesia.Kusukela ngoJanuwari 2022, uhulumeni wase-Indonesia akakakhiphi ilayisense entsha yokuthekelisa ithini ngokushintshana.

Umbhali ukholelwa ukuthi esikhathini esizayo, izinsiza zikathayela zase-Indonesia zizogxiliswa kakhulu ezincibilikilweni ezinkulu, amathuba okukhula okuphawulekayo kokuphuma kwe-tin ecwengekile yamabhizinisi amancane kuzoba kancane kancane, ukuphuma kwe-tin elicwengekile kuzovame ukuzinza, kanye nomphumela. ukuqina kuzokwehla ngokuhlelekile.Ngokwehla kwezinga lensimbi eluhlaza e-Indonesia, indlela yokukhiqiza yamabhizinisi amancane iya ngokuya ingenamnotho, futhi inani elikhulu lamabhizinisi amancane lizokhishwa emakethe.Ngemva kokwethulwa komthetho omusha wezimayini wase-Indonesia, ukunikezwa kwensimbi eluhlaza kuyogeleza kakhulu emabhizinisini amakhulu, okuzoba “nomphumela wokuminyana” ekuletheni insimbi eluhlaza emabhizinisini amancane ancibilikisayo.